Children with autism consume less vitamin A and have more vitamin A deficiencies than typically developing children. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is vital for our vision, immune system, and gut microbiome.

Vitamin B5 is essential for producing red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, and helps produce energy by breaking down fats and carbohydrates. Research shows kids with autism are at risk for inadequate intake and low levels of vitamin B5. Adequate intake may benefit mood and help maintain metabolic processes.

Vitamin B6, or pyridoxine, is important for neurotransmitters, cognitive development, and methylation, which are all important factors in ASD.

Biotin is an essential nutrient that helps the body break down nutrients for energy production. Recent studies have found that children with autism are at risk of biotin deficiency, which may affect cognitive performance and immune function. Supplementation may improve these concerns.

Folate is one of the most studied vitamins in relation to autism. Research shows that folate levels are often abnormal and folate receptors may be faulty in those with ASD. The MTHFR gene mutation and the microbiome both play important roles in folate status.

Individuals with autism frequently have low levels of B12, which may be caused by methylation issues or low stomach acid. Supplementation of the correct form of B12 can help methylation and help maintain metabolic balance.

Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is important for immune function, neurotransmitter and collagen production, as well as antioxidant status. Vitamin C deficiency has been documented clinically in children with autism with severely selective diets.

Vitamin D deficiency occurs at a higher rate in individuals with ASD, and may correlate with ASD severity. Supplementation showed improvements in behavior, stereotypy, eye contact, and attention span.

Vitamin E is an antioxidant known for its role in protecting cells, tissues, and organs from damage and immune-enhancing activity. Studies suggest that children with autism are at risk for vitamin E depletion, and that recommended intake has the potential to protect brain function.

Vitamin K has long been recognized for its vital role in blood clotting and the building of bones. Research indicates risks for vitamin K deficiency in autism, and supplementation may potentially improve autism-related nutritional and metabolic processes.