Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. There are 20 amino acids, falling into essential and nonessential categories, each with their own functions to keep the body healthy. Extreme picky eaters may be at risk for amino acid deficiency.

Antioxidants are naturally occurring molecules that help fight free radicals that are produced when the body breaks down food and reacts to the environment. Children with autism are known to have an imbalance in free radical production and antioxidants, called oxidative stress. Eating a diet high in antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables can help neutralize this free radical imbalance.

Carnitine is an amino acid produced by the body and available in certain foods and nutrition supplements. Carnitine is vital for brain and mitochondrial function, both important for those with ASD. Some people with autism (10-20%) seem to have L-carnitine metabolism disorders and for these patients, a diet high in carnitine and dietary supplementation with L-carnitine is beneficial.

Choline is an essential dietary nutrient that is important for normal brain, nervous system and cellular function. Evidence suggests that children with autism have higher levels of choline deficiency, and supplementation may improve their receptive language skills.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant that assists in energy production in our cells, heart health, and mitochondrial disease. In relation to autism, research has shown that supplementation with CoQ10 can improve symptoms of mitochondrial dysfunction.

Curcumin has been studied for its potential effects in a wide range of conditions from cancer to joint pain. However, curcumin’s ability to promote healthy gut bacteria, regulate neurobehavioral symptoms, and fight inflammation may be most notable for individuals with autism.

Individuals with ASD may have lower levels of the antioxidant glutathione, which may contribute to overall oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and may lead to neurodevelopmental abnormalities.

Inositol is sometimes referred to as vitamin B8 and it is important for the integrity of cell membranes, mental health and blood sugar regulation.

Quercetin is a powerful antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables that shows promise in its ability to reduce inflammation. It is commonly isolated and used as a supplement.

Sulforaphane is found in the cruciferous family of vegetables, especially broccoli sprouts. Sulforaphane has been used with success in children with autism to improve detoxification and decrease oxidative stress and inflammation. Improvements in awareness, communication, irritability, and motivation have been reported.